1756-A7

1756-A7

小功率直流電機，串、并勵結(jié)構(gòu)都有，上圖(a)、(b)為串勵直流電機所用的調(diào)壓電路，電樞和勵磁采用同一電源供電。(a)電路，當電源L端為電壓極性為正時，形成SCR1→電機繞組回路→D2，回到電源N端;L端為電壓極性為負時，形成SCR2→電機繞組回路→D1→電源N端的電流通路。從分析得出，SCR1與D2相串聯(lián)，故控制SCR1的導通角，即可實現(xiàn)可控整流。這種由二極管和晶閘管構(gòu)成的整流橋電路，又稱半控橋調(diào)壓電路。假定兩只晶閘管處于大導通角，電路形同一個橋式整流器，輸入AC220V，輸出整流電壓為220V×0.9=198V，故調(diào)壓范圍約為0~198V;(b)電路，兩只可控硅位于整流橋的上橋臂，仍呈現(xiàn)SCR1、D2和SCR2、D1的串聯(lián)整流模式，故控制兩只晶閘管的移相角，來實現(xiàn)0~198V的調(diào)壓，實施對串勵直流電機的調(diào)速控制。部分電路中還加有續(xù)流二極管D3，以使負載(繞組)中的電流連續(xù)，運行平穩(wěn)及保持較高的力矩輸出?？煽卣麟妷弘妷旱膹?起調(diào)，因小導通角受限，換言之，即大移相角的受限，是從0V突跳至電壓值(如20V)，故實際可調(diào)范圍為20~198V，但調(diào)至20V后，能“跳”至0V，也能使晶閘管關(guān)斷。

橋式整流電路的4個元件，每只元件承受大正向電壓為220V×1.41=310V，承受反向電壓峰值為220V×1.57=345V，每只元件的流通電流，為整流(負載)電流的0.5倍。晶閘管大導通角180°。

元件選用規(guī)則：耐壓值選700V以上，電流值為正向電流值×3。

早期調(diào)速器產(chǎn)品的主電路，多采用分立元件構(gòu)成，后期的小功率調(diào)速器的主電路，多采用晶閘管模塊，圖1主電路的(a)、(b)電路，為單只晶閘管模塊所取代，而且模塊也內(nèi)含續(xù)流二極管。

(c)電路，適用于他勵直流電機，電樞供電是由晶閘管橋式可控整流電路構(gòu)成，勵磁電源多為由四只二極管(或整流模塊)構(gòu)成的橋式整流電路，勵磁電壓為固定整流電壓，為基速以下的降速調(diào)節(jié)運行。稱為基速以下滿勵運行;極少數(shù)電機，勵磁電源也為晶閘管調(diào)壓(與電樞電源結(jié)構(gòu)一樣)，可對勵磁電流進行調(diào)節(jié)，故可實現(xiàn)基速以上弱磁運行。

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