1756-BA1

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中、大功率他勵直流電機(jī)，采用三相動力電源作為輸入電源，電樞供電電源由六只單向晶閘管(三只雙晶閘管模塊)構(gòu)成，稱為“全控橋”可控整流電路，當(dāng)固定輸出大勵磁電流時，通過調(diào)節(jié)電樞繞組的供電電壓，來實(shí)現(xiàn)基速下的降速調(diào)節(jié)(恒轉(zhuǎn)矩運(yùn)行);勵磁電源多為半控橋可控整流電路結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)電樞施以高電壓時，進(jìn)行弱磁調(diào)節(jié)(恒功率運(yùn)行)，又可實(shí)現(xiàn)基速以上的升速調(diào)節(jié)。圖2為典型主電路結(jié)構(gòu)，如歐陸590、ABB DCS400等系統(tǒng)列數(shù)字調(diào)速器，都是采用這種電路結(jié)構(gòu)。易于與另一組反向的主電路進(jìn)行并聯(lián)連接，實(shí)現(xiàn)所控制電機(jī)的四象限運(yùn)行(見下圖5)。

三相橋式全控整流電路原理圖如圖2(a)所示。它由三相半波共陰極接法(SCR1、SCR3、SCR5)和三相半波共陽極接法(SCR2、SCR4、SCR6)的晶閘管串聯(lián)組合。其工作特點(diǎn)是任何時刻都有不同組別的兩只晶閘管同時導(dǎo)通，構(gòu)成電流通路(如SCR1、SCR6同時被觸發(fā)開通，形成電源A相正半波電流通路)，因此為保證電路啟動或電流斷續(xù)后能正常導(dǎo)通，對不同組別應(yīng)到導(dǎo)通的一對晶閘管同時加觸發(fā)脈沖，所以對觸發(fā)脈沖的寬度有要求(≥60°)，圖中6個晶閘管的組合導(dǎo)通順序是SCR1-SCR6-SCR3-SCR2-SCR5-SCR4，輸出脈動直流電壓頻率是電源頻率的6倍，故該電路又可稱為6脈動整流電路，直流脈沖動頻率為300Hz。

圖(a)電路輸入為三相380V AC電源，晶閘管處于大導(dǎo)通角時，等同于三相橋式整流電路，輸出電壓值為380V×1.35=513V，為適應(yīng)直流電機(jī)的供電要求，實(shí)際輸出可調(diào)電壓范圍多為0~450V左右。每只晶閘管承受大正向電壓值為380V×1.41=535V，承受反向峰值電壓為380V×1.05=399V，每只管子的流通電流為整流直流電流(Iz)的0.333倍。

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