CM202

CM202

頻率下降時(shí)電壓V也成比例下降，這個(gè)問(wèn)題已在回答4說(shuō)明。V與f的比例關(guān)系是考慮了電機(jī)特性而預(yù)先決定的，通常在控制器的存儲(chǔ)裝置（ROM）中存有幾種特性，可以用開關(guān)或標(biāo)度盤進(jìn)行選擇。

　　按比例地改V和f時(shí)，電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩如何變化？

　　頻率下降時(shí)完全成比例地降低電壓，那么由于交流阻抗變小而直流電阻不變，將造成在低速下產(chǎn)生地轉(zhuǎn)矩有減小的傾向。因此，在低頻時(shí)給定V/f，要使輸出電壓提高一些，以便獲得地起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩，這種補(bǔ)償稱增強(qiáng)起動(dòng)?？梢圆捎酶鞣N方法實(shí)現(xiàn)，有自動(dòng)進(jìn)行的方法、選擇V/f模式或調(diào)整電位器等方法。

　　在說(shuō)明書上寫著變速范圍60~6Hz，即10：1，那么在6Hz以下就沒有輸出功率嗎？

　　在6Hz以下仍可輸出功率，但根據(jù)電機(jī)溫升和起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩的大小等條件，低使用頻率取6Hz左右，此時(shí)電動(dòng)機(jī)可輸出額定轉(zhuǎn)矩而不會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重的發(fā)熱問(wèn)題。變頻器實(shí)際輸出頻率（起動(dòng)頻率）根據(jù)機(jī)種為0.5~3Hz。

　　對(duì)于一般電機(jī)的組合是在60Hz以上也要求轉(zhuǎn)矩，是否可以？

　　通常情況下時(shí)不可以的。在60Hz以上（也有50Hz以上的模式）電壓不變，大體為恒功率特性，在高速下要求相同轉(zhuǎn)矩時(shí)。11所謂開環(huán)是什么意思？給所使用的電機(jī)裝置設(shè)速度檢出器（PG），將實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)速反饋給控制裝置進(jìn)行控制的，稱為“閉環(huán) ”，不用PG運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的就叫作“開環(huán)”。通用變頻器多為開環(huán)方式，也有的機(jī)種利用選件可進(jìn)行PG反饋。無(wú)速度傳感器閉環(huán)控制方式是根據(jù)建立的數(shù)學(xué)模型根據(jù)磁通推算電機(jī)的實(shí)際速度，相當(dāng)于用一個(gè)虛擬的速度傳感器形成閉環(huán)控制。

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